甘草黄酮纳米结晶的制备与评价

目的: 优选甘草黄酮纳米结晶的制备工艺并对所得纳晶进行初步评价。方法: 以超声辅助-反溶剂沉淀法制备纳米混悬液,采用正交试验L₉(3⁴),考察药物浓度、药物与表面活性剂的质量比、注入速度、超声时间对纳晶粒径及其分布的影响,并进一步优选稳定剂及冻干保护剂;比较所得纳晶与原药的平衡溶解度和体外溶出度。结果: 最优处方工艺为:药物浓度20 mg·mL^-1,稳定剂为10 mg·mL^-1 SDS、5 mg·mL^-1PEG-400、0.2% PVA,注入速度0.5 mL·min^-1,超声7 min,加入5%乳糖作为冻干保护剂;此条件下制得纳晶冻干前后粒径分别为(61.70±1.40) nm和(108.9±1.67) nm,呈电中性、粒径较均匀;冻干粉载药量31.04%,原料药和纳晶在pH 6.8 PBS中的溶解度分别为3.41 mg·mL^-1和7.37 mg·mL^-1,2 min时溶出率为8.33%和55.91%。结论: 该纳米结晶制备工艺简便易行,可显著改善甘草黄酮的溶解度和溶出度。     

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目的评价Beyond冷光美白法漂白生理性黄牙的疗效及安全性。方法2006年5月至2008年5月于沈阳市口腔医院用Beyond冷光美白仪及配套的冷光美白剂对试验组30例患者428颗生理性黄牙进行脱色;用奥伦增白剂漂白的30例患者464颗生理性黄牙作对照;用VITA比色板作脱色前、后比色,比较脱色效果,观察牙齿敏感情况。结果试验组轻、中、重度生理性黄牙的显效率分别为94.44%、92.59%、74.04%,而对照组相应着色程度生理性黄牙的显效率分别为70.92%、66.16%、32.00%,两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。试验组有7例(13.33%)患者出现牙齿轻度酸痛不适感,对照组有15例(50%)患者出现酸痛感,二者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论Beyond冷光美白法脱色生理性黄牙有效、安全、快速。     

三种ELISA试剂盒检测猪流行性乙型脑炎病毒血清IgG抗体比较

目的 比较国内常用商品化ELISA试剂盒检测猪流行性乙型脑炎病毒血清IgG抗体的诊断效果。方法 选用3种猪乙脑病毒血清IgG抗体ELISA检测试剂盒(Keqian,Lvshiyuan,Tianchen),以微量中和试验为金标准,对90份猪血清进行检测分析。结果 中和试验的阳性检出率为34.4%(31/90),Keqian,Lvshiyuan和Tianchen阳性检出率分别为50.0%(45/90), 47.8%(43/90)和 38.9%(35/90)。灵敏度最高的是Keqian,为90.32%,但其特异度只有71.19%;Tianchen的灵敏度和特异度分别为83.87%和79.66%;Lvshiyuan的灵敏度和特异度分别仅为41.94%和16.95%。与中和试验比较,Tianchen试剂盒的κ系数最高为0.63,其次是Keqian为0.57,Lvshiyuan仅为0.04。显示3种试剂盒具稳定性。结论 目前国内商品化猪乙脑病毒血清IgG抗体ELISA检测试剂盒诊断结果差异较大,与中和试验相比存在较高的假阴性,质量有待提高。     

1种新的国产风疹病毒IgG抗体化学发光检测试剂的 性能评价

摘要:目的　评价一种新的国产风疹病毒IgG抗体化学发光检测试剂的检测性能。方法　收集临床血液样本350份,同时用评价试剂和比对试剂盲法检测风疹病毒IgG抗体。以此新的国产风疹病毒IgG抗体化学发光测定试剂作为评价试剂,以意大利索灵风疹病毒IgG抗体检测试剂盒（化学发光法）为比对试剂,2种试剂检测结果不一致者以第三方试剂Trinity风疹病毒IgG抗体检测试剂盒（酶联免疫法）验证,对临床血液样本进行等效性评价。结果　评价试剂和比对试剂测定结果阳性符合率为98.06%［95% CI:95.84%,99.11%］,阴性符合率为100.00%［95% CI:91.24%,100.00%］,总符合率为98.29%［95% CI:87.47%,100.00%］,不一致者以第三方试剂验证后可得灵敏度为98.06%［95%CI:95.84%,99.29%］,特异性为100.00%［95%CI:91.19%,100.00%］,阳性预测值为100.00%［95%CI:98.79%,100.00%］,阴性预测值为86.96%［95%CI:73.74%,95.06%］。评价试剂和比对试剂的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.998和1.000,诊断效能与比对试剂无统计学差异。Passing-Bablok回归分析显示两者存在显著的线性关系。结论　该新的国产风疹病毒IgG抗体化学发光测定试剂敏感性和特异性很高,能为临床风疹病毒IgG抗体的检测提供可靠的实验室诊断依据。     

斑驳病致病基因的研究进展

斑驳病是一种较少见的由黑素细胞发育不良引起的常染色体显性遗传病,典型临床特征是先天性额部中央呈三角形或菱形的白斑和白发.该病具有遗传异质性,大多数斑驳病由kit基因突变引起.遗传分析揭示,kit基因突变点与临床表型关系密切,少数报告表明,可能存在其他因素引起基因型与表型不一致,有学者对该病的常染色体显性遗传特点提出质疑.kit基因编码蛋白属Ⅲ型酪氨酸激酶受体,kit基因突变导致受体酪氨酸激酶功能下降或失活,信号传导功能受损,成黑素细胞在胚胎发育期的增殖和迁移发生障碍,从而导致斑驳病的发生.     

Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of X6CrNiMoVNb11-2 Stainless Steel after Heat Treatment

X6CrNiMoVNb11-2 supermartensitic stainless steel, a special type of stainless steel, is commonly used in the production of gas turbine discs in liquid rocket engines and compressor disks in aero engines. By optimizing the parameters of the heat-treatment process, its mechanical properties are specially adjusted to meet the performance requirement in that particular practical application during the advanced composite casting-rolling forming process. The relationship between the microstructure and mechanical properties after quenching from 1040 °C and tempering at 300–670 °C was studied, where the yield strength, tensile strength, elongation and impact toughness under different cooling conditions are obtained by means of mechanical property tests. A certain amount of high-density nanophase precipitation is found in the martensite phase transformation through the heat treatment involved in the quenching and tempering processes, where M₂₃C₆ carbides are dispersed in lamellar martensite, with the close-packed Ni₃Mo and Ni₃Nb phases of high-density co-lattice nanocrystalline precipitation created during the tempering process. The ideal process parameters are to quench at 1040 °C in an oil-cooling medium and to temper at 650 °C by air-cooling; final hardness is averaged about 313 HV, with an elongation of 17.9%, the cross-area reduction ratio is 52%, and the impact toughness is about 65 J, respectively. Moreover, the tempered hardness equation, considering various tempering temperatures, is precisely fitted. This investigation helps us to better understand the strengthening mechanism and performance controlling scheme of martensite stainless steel during the cast-rolling forming process in future applications.     

Influence of Gypsum Waste Utilization on Properties and Leachability of Fired Clay Brick

Wastewater treatment activities in the chemical industry have generated abundant gypsum waste, classified as scheduled waste (SW205) under the Environmental Quality Regulations 2005. The waste needs to be disposed into a secure landfill due to the high heavy metals content which is becoming a threat to the environment. Hence, an alternative disposal method was evaluated by recycling the waste into fired clay brick. The brick samples were incorporated with different percentages of gypsum waste (0% as control, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50%) and were fired at 1050 °C using 1 °C per minute heating rate. Shrinkage, dry density, initial rate of suction (IRS) and compressive strength tests were conducted to determine the physical and mechanical properties of the brick, while the synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP) was performed to scrutinize the leachability of heavy metals from the crushed brick samples. The results showed that the properties would decrease through the incorporation of gypsum waste and indicated the best result at 10% of waste utilization with 47.5% of shrinkage, 1.37% of dry density, 22.87% of IRS and 28.3% of compressive strength. In addition, the leachability test highlighted that the concentrations of Fe and Al was significantly reduced up to 100% from 4884 to 3.13 ppm (Fe) and from 16,134 to 0.81 ppm (Al), respectively. The heavy metals content in the bricks were oxidized during the firing process, which signified the successful remediation of heavy metals in the samples. Based on the permissible incorporation of gypsum waste into fired clay brick, this study promised a more green disposing method for gypsum waste, and insight as a potential towards achieving a sustainable end product.     

Quality assurance of CFU-GM assays: inter-laboratory variation despite standard reagents

Abstract: To investigate the hypothesis that commercial kits for CFU-GM (colony forming unit granulocyte-macrophage) assay will reduce the inter-laboratory variation noted by many workers, we carried out a quality assurance exercise in 2 parts. There were 8 participants in the first study and each performed CFU-GM assays using their in-house method and a commercial kit (Stem Cell CFU Kit, Gibco) in parallel. In the second exercise there were 10 participants and each performed CFU-GM with in-house methods and with a different commercial medium (Methocult GF H4534, Stem Cell Technologies). Twelve samples of cryopreserved peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPC) were analysed by each participant in each part of the study. A very wide range of results was found for the different in-house methods, but standardizing the clonogenic assay with the commercial kits did not reduce the variation seen. To improve the reproducibility of CFU-GM assays between laboratories, scrupulous attention should be paid to all the steps involved in the assays, as little progress will be made by using commercial medium in isolation from efforts to reduce other sources of variation.     

Evaluation of a commercially available kit for the colorimetric determination of zinc in human seminal plasma

A kit from Wako Pure Chemical Industries for colorimetric determination of zinc has been evaluated for its possible use in the determination of zinc in human seminal plasma. The within-assay variation for 15 replicates of each of two seminal plasma samples having zinc concentrations (mM) of 0.43 +/- 0.025 and 6.06 +/- 0.125 (mean +/- SD) was 5.7% and 2.1%, respectively. The between-assay variation after analysis of 15 replicates of a seminal plasma sample (zinc conc. 5.6 mM) on different days was 2.3%. No interference from other metal ions present in seminal plasma was observed. The average % recovery of zinc added to seminal plasma was 102.7 +/- 1.77 (mean +/- SD). A close correlation (r = 0.996, n = 105) was found between the levels of zinc determined by the colorimetric method and that determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry as reference method. It is concluded that the present colorimetric method, which is fast, sensitive and linear over the entire concentration range of zinc present in human seminal plasma, can be recommended for use in semen analysis laboratories.     

三种国产乙型肝炎病毒基因荧光定量试剂检测结果分析

目的:探讨上海复星、深圳匹基、上海科华三种国产乙型肝炎病毒基因(HBV-DNA)荧光定量试剂的临床检测结果相互之间是否存在差异。方法:将相同的标本分别用三种国产HBV-DNA荧光定量试剂进行HBV-DNA荧光定量测定。然后再对检测结果进行对比,分析相互之间是否存在差异。结果:23例已知的慢性乙型肝炎患者标本,3例已知正常标本分别用三种国产HBV-DNA荧光定量试剂进行HBV-DNA定量检测,结果显示三种国产试剂的HBV-DNA定量检测结果相互之间差异小于一个数量级占91.4%,大于一个数量级小于二个数量级的占8.6%,经统计学分析差异无显著意义(P>0.05)。结论:上述三种国产HBV-DNA荧光定量试剂在同一套设备上的检测结果相互之间差异很小,有很好的准确度,它们的检测结果可以相互进行比较。